HIST 112- World Civilization II Chapter_18 Quiz Answered

1. "The Scientific Revolution was the most revolutionary of all revolutions." Discuss critically, using specific examples.

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Scientific Revolution

2. Why were the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo so controversial in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: An Intellectual Revolution in the West

3. How did European ideas about the natures of, and the relationships between, science and religion change during the seventeenth century? Were these changes restricted to just the intellectual classes? Why and or why not?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Economic Changes and the Social Order

4. What was the relationship of the Enlightenment to the Scientific Revolution? Could the Enlightenment have occurred without the Scientific Revolution?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Background to the Enlightenment

5. What characteristics of European civilization encouraged the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment and what factors prevented these developments in China?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Europe, China, and Scientific Revolutions Comparative Essay: The Scientific Revolution

6. Discuss the emergence of the social sciences in terms of their philosophical foundations and the ideas of individuals such as John Locke and Adam Smith.

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Background to the Enlightenment The Philosophes and Their Ideas

7. Describe the major innovations in art and music during the Enlightenment. Were they as important as the era's new social and economic ideas? Why or why not?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Culture in an Enlightened Age

8. Why did Europe become the engine for rapid global change in the seventeenth and eighteenth century rather than China or some other non-Western society?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Europe, China, and Scientific Revolutions Comparative Essay: The Scientific Revolution

9. Compare the "high" and "popular" cultures of the mid-eighteenth centuries to today's culture. Is there any "high culture" left in the modern world? If so, what, and if not, why not?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

High Culture Popular Culture

10. Compare the colonial empires of Britain and France in the Americas, highlighting similarities and differences in their administration.

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

British North America French North America

11. What is “enlightened absolutism” and how “enlightened" was enlightened absolutism as it was manifested in eighteenth-century Europe? Cite the policies of specific rulers as examples to support your viewpoint.

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Political Order and Global Conflict

12. What caused the French Revolution to start when it did? Could its outbreak have been avoided, or postponed? Was the revolution inevitable? Why or why not?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The French Revolution

13. How "revolutionary" was the French Revolution? Give specific examples.

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The French Revolution

14. Discuss the positive and the negative contributions of Napoleon to the French Revolution and to Europe generally in the early nineteenth century. Would France and Europe have been better off if he had never attained political power? Why or why not?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Age of Napoleon

15. Take a position on the famous question of whether Napoleon was the "author or undertaker" of the French Revolution. Defend your position with specific examples.

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Age of Napoleon

16. Which revolution -- the American Revolution or the French Revolution – was the most "revolutionary"? Why? Be specific.

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The American Revolution The French Revolution

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).

17. Scientific Revolution

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: An Intellectual Revolution in the West The Scientific Revolution Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy Europe, China, and Scientific Revolutions

18. Nicholas Copernicus

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

19. Galileo Galilei

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

20. Kepler

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

21. Ptolemy

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

22. geocentric theory

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

23. Isaac Newton's Principia

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

24. Vindications of the Rights of Woman

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The “Woman Question” in the Enlightenment The Rights of Women

25. Enlightenment

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Background to the Enlightenment

26. philosophes

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Philosophes and Their Ideas

27. John Locke

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Background to the Enlightenment

28. tabula rasa

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Background to the Enlightenment

29. Voltaire

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Voltaire

30. Diderot's Encyclopedia

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Diderot

31. Charles de Secondat

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Montesquieu

32. laissez-faire

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New “Science of Man”

33. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Later Enlightenment

34. Rococo

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Culture in an Enlightened Age

35. heliocentric theory

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

36. popular culture

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

High Culture Popular Culture

37. high culture

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

High Culture

38. cottage industry

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

New Economic Patterns

39. “putting-out” system

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

New Economic Patterns

40. feminism

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The “Woman Question” in the Enlightenment

41. deism

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Voltaire

42. enlightened despotism

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Political Order and Global Conflict

43. Frederick the Great

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Prussia

44. Joseph II

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Austrian Empire of the Habsburgs

45. Catherine the Great

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Russia Under Catherine the Great

46. Plassey

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

British Victory in India

47. scientific method

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Background to the Enlightenment

48. Seven Years War

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Changing Patterns of War: Global Confrontation

49. Robert Clive

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Changing Patterns of War: Global Confrontation

50. world-machine

ANSWER:

Answers will

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy

51. separation of powers

ANSWER:

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POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Montesquieu

52. the third estate

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Social Structure of the Old Regime Other Problems Facing the French Monarchy From Estate-Generales to National Assembly

53. Louis XVI

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Chapter Introduction Other Problems Facing the French Monarchy From Estate-Generales to National Assembly

54. "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen"

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Opposing Viewpoints: The Natural Rights of the French People: Two Views Chapter Summary

55. rentiers

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

European Society in the Eighteenth Century

56. Marie Antoinette

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Other Problems Facing the French Monarchy

57. patrician

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

European Society in the Eighteenth Century

58. Maximilien Robespierre

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Nation in Arms Reaction and the Directory

59. Reign of Terror

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Reign of Terror

60. Committee of Public Safety

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Nation in Arms Reign of Terror

61. natural rights

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The American Revolution Opposing Viewpoints: The Natural Rights of the French People: Two Views

62. Napoleon Bonaparte

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Reaction and the Directory Napoleon and Psychological Warfare The Age of Napoleon Domestic Policies Napoleon’s Empire The Grand Empire The Fall of Napoleon Chapter Summary

63. old regime

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Chapter Introduction Social Structure of the Old Regime Destruction of the Old Regime The Radical Revolution

64. old order

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Chapter Introduction Social Structure of the Old Regime Destruction of the Old Regime The Grand Empire Chapter Summary

65. enlightened absolutism

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Political Order and Global Conflict Enlightened Absolutism Reconsidered

66. Continental System

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

The Grand Empire

67. nationalism

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

A Nation in Arms

68. The Ptolemaic view of the universe argued that

a.

the planets were imperfect and material.

b.

the imperfect, motionless earth was in a state of constant change at the center of the universe.

c.

heavenly bodies, composed of a crystalline substance, resided in concentric spheres that moved in circular orbits around the moon.

d.

God and all the saved souls resided in the Empyrean Heaven that lay beyond the innermost, or tenth, sphere.

e.

God and the saved souls were at the center of the universe.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Haven: A Revolution in Astronomy

69. Who proposed a heliocentric theory to explain the movement of the heavenly bodies?

a.

Voltaire

b.

Galileo Galilei

c.

Nicolaus Copernicus

d.

Ptolemy

e.

Johannes Kepler

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

1

REFERENCES:

Toward a New Haven: A Revolution in Astronomy

70. Who was the first scientist to define elliptical planetary orbits?

a.

Voltaire

b.

Galileo Galilei

c.