CHAPTER THREE ART OF ANCIENT EGYPT
Multiple Choice
1. King Tutankhamun’s mummified body was enclosed in three nested coffins; the innermost was made of
A. silver.
B. gold.
C. wood.
D. bronze.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: Chapter Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
2. After the unification, Egyptian history is divided into
A. dynasties.
B. eras.
C. periods.
D. cantos.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.c Relate Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian artists and art to their cultural, economic, and political contexts.
Topic: The Gift of the Nile
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
3. How were rulers typically portrayed in the Old Kingdom?
A. slightly effeminate
B. athletic and youthful
C. older and wise
D. smiling and compassionate
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.b Interpret the meaning of works of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art based on their themes, subjects, and symbols.
Topic: Sculpture
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
4. Who was the first architect in history to be known by name?
A. Imhotep
B. Narmer
C. Menes
D. Hasan
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.c Relate Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian artists and art to their cultural, economic, and political contexts.
Topic: Funerary Architecture
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
5. The Great Sphinx is thought to be a portrait of
A. Menkaure.
B. Cheops.
C. Khufu.
D. Khafre.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.d Apply the vocabulary and concepts used to discuss ancient Egyptian art, artists, and art history.
Topic: The Great Pyramids at Giza
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
6. The first ruler to call himself pharaoh was
A. Tutankhamun I.
B. Thutmose III.
C. Menkaure II.
D. Khafre IV.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.c Relate Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian artists and art to their cultural, economic, and political contexts.
Topic: The New Kingdom
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
7. What adorns the capitals of the columns that support the roof of the Great Hall at Karnak?
A. rose bud
B. volute
C. papyrus
D. lotus bud
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: The Great Temple Complexes
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
8. Which object commemorates the unification of Egypt and signals the beginning of the dynastic period?
A. The Palette of Narmer
B. Akhenaten and His Family
C. Queen Nefertari Making an Offering to Hathor
D. Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.e Interpret ancient Egyptian art using appropriate art historical methods, such as observation, comparison, and inductive reasoning.
Topic: Artistic Conventions
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
9. One of the tests that Egyptians had to undergo to enter successfully into the afterlife was to
A. have their hearts weighed against the feather of truth.
B. create an inventory of all of their possessions.
C. list their good deeds.
D. speak with their ancestors.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.b Interpret the meaning of works of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art based on their themes, subjects, and symbols.
Topic: The Books of the Dead
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
10. Canopic jars were special containers in tombs that were used to hold
A. food.
B. bodily organs.
C. gold coins.
D. the ka.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.d Apply the vocabulary and concepts used to discuss ancient Egyptian art, artists, and art history.
Topic: Funerary Architecture
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
11. Which style did the artists use to create the lesser-ranked servants in Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt (Fig. 3-13)?
A. stylized
B. idealism
C. abstraction
D. realism
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.f Select visual and textual evidence in various media to support an argument or interpretation of ancient Egyptian art.
Topic: Pictorial Relief in Tombs
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
12. What design was used in New Kingdom temples to create a processional path from the outside to the inner sanctuary where only priests and kings were allowed?
A. circular
B. labyrinthine
C. axial
D. stepped
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: The Great Temple Complexes
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
13. The active pose of the Butcher (Fig. 3-12) may signify both
A. equality with the pharaoh and being a member of the royal family.
B. ability to perform a task for eternity and low social standing.
C. high social standing and great intellectual capacity.
D. high status among laborers and a relationship to the gods.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.e Interpret ancient Egyptian art using appropriate art historical methods, such as observation, comparison, and inductive reasoning.
Topic: Sculpture
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
14. What technique did Egyptian glassmakers use to produce early glass objects such as the Fish-Shaped Perfume Bottle (Fig. 3-31)?
A. core-formed
B. slumping
C. blowing
D. casting
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
15. Which structure was moved to higher ground in the 1960s when the Aswan High Dam was built?
A. Temple of Hatshepsut
B. Sphinx of Taharqo
C. Temple of Ramses II
D. Step Pyramid
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.c Relate Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian artists and art to their cultural, economic, and political contexts.
Topic: The Return to Tradition: Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
16. What is the Egyptian symbol of everlasting life?
A. scarab
B. ankh
C. faience
D. wedjat
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.d Apply the vocabulary and concepts used to discuss ancient Egyptian art, artists, and art history.
Topic: Artistic Conventions
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
17. Walls of the tomb of Queen Nefertari are covered with
A. faience panels.
B. enamel.
C. relief sculpture.
D. paintings.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: The Return to Tradition: Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
18. Along with possessing a religious meaning, pictorial reliefs in tombs also
A. demonstrated the gods’ favor.
B. proclaimed the deceased’s importance.
C. acted as family portraits.
D. warned tomb robbers of consequences.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.e Interpret ancient Egyptian art using appropriate art historical methods, such as observation, comparison, and inductive reasoning.
Topic: Pictorial Relief in Tombs
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
19. What new theme is represented in the relief Akhenaten and His Family (Fig. 3-28)?
A. monometallism
B. monochromatism
C. monotheism
D. monasticism
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.b Interpret the meaning of works of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art based on their themes, subjects, and symbols.
Topic: Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
20. Which Egyptian period saw dramatic changes in the conventions used in royal art?
A. Intermediate
B. Aswan
C. Middle
D. Amarna
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.b Interpret the meaning of works of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art based on their themes, subjects, and symbols.
Topic: Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
21. What was most likely the original function of the bust of Nefertiti (Fig. 3-30)?
A. a model
B. a votive
C. an observer
D. a mannequin
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.d Apply the vocabulary and concepts used to discuss ancient Egyptian art, artists, and art history.
Topic: Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Concepts
22. The text on the Stele of the Sculptor Userwer (Fig. 3-17) asks the viewer to
A. kneel before the image.
B. abandon belief in Aten.
C. let him rest in peace.
D. make offerings.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.f Select visual and textual evidence in various media to support an argument or interpretation of ancient Egyptian art.
Topic: The Middle Kingdom
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
23. The bronze sculpture of the divine priestess Karomama (Fig. 3-38) was decorated with patterns of gold, silver and electrum
A. niello.
B. paint.
C. faience.
D. inlay.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: Late Egyptian Art
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
24. Although the Sphinx of Taharqo (Fig. 3-39) reflects Old Kingdom conventions, the face of the ruler is
A. Greek.
B. European.
C. African.
D. Hittite.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.b Interpret the meaning of works of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art based on their themes, subjects, and symbols.
Topic: Foreign Domination
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
25. What is the significance of the use of gneiss stone in Khafre (Fig. 3-9)?
A. It encourages contemplation.
B. It increases his status.
C. It emphasizes his divinity.
D. It enhances his intelligence.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.f Select visual and textual evidence in various media to support an argument or interpretation of ancient Egyptian art.
Topic: The Great Pyramids at Giza
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
Short Answer
1. How did Egypt develop from a Paleolithic culture to a dynastic civilization?
Answer: Around 8000 BCE, people in the Nile Valley became sedentary and, eventually, agriculture developed with basin irrigation.
Learning Objective: 3.d Apply the vocabulary and concepts used to discuss ancient Egyptian art, artists, and art history.
Topic: The Gift of the Nile
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
2. What Egyptian artistic conventions appear in Stele of Amenemhat (Fig. 3-18)?
Answer: The relief is brightly painted, with the male figures depicted as reddish-brown and the female figures depicted as light tan. The family is royal, identified by the composite pose.
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: Funerary Stelai
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
3. How do the ziggurats of Mesopotamia differ from the early pyramids?
Answer: Early pyramids were more than temples to bridge the gap between humans and the heavens. They were places of worship, tombs, and houses for the ka.
Learning Objective: 3.f Select visual and textual evidence in various media to support an argument or interpretation of ancient Egyptian art.
Topic: Funerary Architecture
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
4. How is domestic life in the Middle Kingdom represented in tomb art?
Answer: Reliefs and paintings from the Middle Kingdom show everyday activities, such as picking figs or making food offerings.
Learning Objective: 3.f Select visual and textual evidence in various media to support an argument or interpretation of ancient Egyptian art.
Topic: Rock-Cut Tombs
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
5. How might a Middle Kingdom town have been planned?
Answer: A grid plan was used with parallel streets and rectangular blocks. Durable stone was used for state architecture, and mud bricks were used for homes.
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: Town Planning
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
6. What was the configuration of the New Kingdom temple?
Answer: Temples were originally configured like homes but became larger, with hypostyle halls and an inner offering hall and sanctuary. The design was symmetrical and axial.
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: The Great Temple Complexes
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
7. How was Hatshepsut portrayed in Egyptian royal art?
Answer: Although a woman, Hatshepsut was frequently portrayed as a male ruler, with a cobra headdress, kilt, bull’s tail, upright position, and broad, muscular shoulders.
Learning Objective: 3.a Identify the visual hallmarks of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art for formal, technical, and expressive qualities.
Topic: Hatshepsut
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
8. Compare and contrast the formal representations of Khafre and Akhenaten.
Answer: Khafre was shown with the typical form of an Egyptian ruler, but Akhenaten was depicted with rounded hips, elongated limbs, severe facial features, and individualized gestures.
Learning Objective: 3.e Interpret ancient Egyptian art using appropriate art historical methods, such as observation, comparison, and inductive reasoning.
Topic: The Great Pyramids at Giza; Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarana Period
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
9. What might the Books of the Dead have contained?
Answer: They might have contained prayers, spells, magical texts, inscriptions, and images of tests the deceased were bound to face.
Learning Objective: 3.d Apply the vocabulary and concepts used to discuss ancient Egyptian art, artists, and art history.
Topic: The Books of the Dead
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
10. Explain the reason behind the naming of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.
Answer: The terms stemmed from the direction of water flow of the Nile River. Upper Egypt was upriver and Lower Egypt was downriver.
Learning Objective: 3.d Apply the vocabulary and concepts used to discuss ancient Egyptian art, artists, and art history.
Topic: The Gift of the Nile
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Essay
1. Trace the development of Egyptian architecture from the Predynastic period through the New Kingdom.
Answer:
1. Mastabas were the first example of large-scale funerary architecture that developed into cities of the dead. A city of the dead is called a necropolis.
2. The Step Pyramid developed into the pyramid. The Great Pyramids are examples.
3. Large-scale temples and funerary complexes developed as dedications to the gods.
4. New Kingdom pharaohs and royals dug rock-cut tombs in the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens.
Learning Objective: 3.b Interpret the meaning of works of Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian art based on their themes, subjects, and symbols.
Topic: Funerary Architecture; The Great Pyramids at Giza; Rock-Cut Tombs; The New Kingdom
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
2. Discuss the development of Egyptian funerary practices and its related imagery.
Answer:
1. Mummies were created to preserve the body, the seat of the ka. Mummies were placed in a series of sarcophagi made from many different media.
2. Books of the Dead that contained prayers and spells were placed with mummies to assist in the trials of the afterlife.
3. Tombs were filled and decorated with everything needed in the afterlife.
4. Canopic jars held mummified organs, while the heart was left intact.
Learning Objective: 3.e Interpret ancient Egyptian art using appropriate art historical methods, such as observation, comparison, and inductive reasoning.
Topic: Funerary Architecture; The Books of the Dead
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
3. Examine the role of women in the Egyptian dynastic system. Provide examples from each period.
Answer:
1. Women were held in high esteem in Ancient Egyptian society, even reaching the highest rank of pharaoh. They seem to have mostly had the typical gender roles, such as mother, wife, or consort.
2. Through tomb paintings and reliefs, historians can assume that women were portrayed with different colors and forms but were represented frequently.
3. Hatshepsut was represented as a male pharaoh. Female goddesses were common and powerful.
4. Although women were fairly free and appreciated in Egyptian society, they were excluded from some activities, such as hunting and war.
Learning Objective: 3.f Select visual and textual evidence in various media to support an argument or interpretation of ancient Egyptian art.
Topic: Hatshepsut
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It
4. Describe the history of discovery and archeology in Egypt since the arrival of Napoleon.
Answer:
1. Napoleon landed in Egypt in 1798 and found the Rosetta Stone, allowing Egyptian hieroglyphics to be deciphered.
2. Howard Carter uncovered King Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922 creating a worldwide fascination with Egypt.
3. In the 1960s, the Temples of Abu Simbel were moved because of flooding.
4. In 2006, Otto Schaden excavated the first tomb in Egypt since 1922.
Learning Objective: 3.e Interpret ancient Egyptian art using appropriate art historical methods, such as observation, comparison, and inductive reasoning.
Topic: Chapter Introduction; The Return to Tradition: Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
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