Chapter 26 Body Support and Movement: The Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 5e (Krogh)

1) The discipline dealing with the study of how parts of the body work is:

A) physiology.

B) anatomy.

C) endocrinology.

D) mechanics.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

2) Which of the following is the study of the body's structure?

A) physiology

B) anatomy

C) zoology

D) endocrinology

E) homeostasis

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

3) Which of the following is true concerning homeostasis?

A) Homeostasis is the maintenance of a rigid internal environment with no variation.

B) The maintenance of homeostasis relies mainly on positive feedback.

C) Homeostasis allows for major fluctuations in body conditions.

D) Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

4) A stimulus producing a response that reduces the stimulus describes:

A) all stimulus-response chains.

B) positive feedback.

C) negative feedback.

D) breakdown of homeostasis.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

5) In oxygen homeostasis, the kidney that releases EPO, prompting increased red blood cell production is the:

A) stimulus.

B) response.

C) product.

D) reactant.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Application/Analysis

6) In humans, the heart and lungs are found in the:

A) spinal cavity.

B) abdominopelvic cavity.

C) cranial cavity.

D) thoracic cavity.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

7) The spinal cavity and cranial cavity are the two parts of the:

A) dorsal cavity.

B) ventral cavity.

C) abdominopelvic cavity.

D) skeletal system.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

8) The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by the:

A) lungs.

B) vertebral column.

C) diaphragm.

D) rib cage.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

9) Groups of cells with a common function make up a/an:

A) tissue.

B) limb.

C) organ.

D) gland.

E) organ system.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

10) Groups of tissues that perform a specific body function make up:

A) a tissue.

B) an organ.

C) the integument.

D) a gland.

E) an organ system.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

11) The four types of body tissues are:

A) epithelial, glandular, muscle, and nervous.

B) epithelial, hormonal, cellular, and bone.

C) connective, cardiac, nervous, and adipose.

D) connective, epithelial, nervous, and muscle.

E) connective, neuronal, muscle, and epithelial.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

12) Which of the following statements best describes epithelial tissue?

A) It is found only in the skin.

B) It is always at least several layers thick.

C) It covers internal and external surfaces.

D) It produces blood cells.

E) It only covers surfaces exposed to the internal environment.

Answer: C

Topic: Section

13) Groups of cells that secrete substances are called:

A) glands.

B) organ systems.

C) tissues.

D) hormones.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

14) Bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, and blood are all examples of:

A) epithelial tissue.

B) connective tissue.

C) muscle tissue.

D) nervous tissue.

E) small organ systems.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

15) What unusual feature do you find in connective tissues?

A) glandular secretions

B) conductive cells

C) cells with the ability to contract

D) extracellular material called the ground substance

Answer: D

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

16) The function of epithelial tissue is to:

A) allow for movement of the body.

B) protect and cover the body.

C) support the body.

D) form the immune system.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

17) A function of connective tissue is to:

A) move the muscles of the body.

B) protect and cover the body.

C) stabilize and support the body.

D) form glands.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

18) Muscle tissue has a specialized ability to:

A) protect the body.

B) support the body.

C) shorten or contract.

D) provide an internal framework for the body.

E) form the glands.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

19) Connective tissue is different from epithelial tissue in that connective tissue:

A) has a structure called basement membrane.

B) has cells that are usually separated and scattered in an extracellular material.

C) is not made up of cells.

D) is found only in joints.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

20) A prescription medication lists a rare side effect of impairing the movement of smooth muscle. This medication could potentially affect the:

A) heart.

B) walls of the small intestine.

C) muscles that move your arms and legs.

D) muscles that move the eyeballs.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Application/Analysis

21) The type of muscle tissue that can be under our conscious control is:

A) skeletal.

B) cardiac.

C) smooth.

D) skeletal and smooth.

E) smooth and cardiac.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

22) Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle?

A) It is found only in the heart and blood vessels.

B) It is most similar in appearance to smooth muscle.

C) It is not striated.

D) It contracts under the control of its pacemaker cells.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

23) Glial cells are cells found in which type of tissue?

A) muscle

B) nervous

C) connective

D) epithelial

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

24) In the textbook, the stomach was given as an example of an organ. Which of the following is a valid description of the work of one of its tissues?

A) Its connective tissue helps drain the stomach contents.

B) Its muscle tissue forces secretions out of glands and into the stomach.

C) Its epithelial tissue secretes substances that help with digestion.

D) Its nervous tissue communicates directly with the intestines to coordinate digestion.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

25) Which of the two systems listed work together to bring oxygen into your body and deliver it to your cells?

A) lymphatic and endocrine

B) respiratory and cardiovascular

C) respiratory and digestive

D) urinary and cardiovascular

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

26) Which of the following systems are involved in coordination and regulation?

A) nervous and endocrine

B) digestive and cardiovascular

C) urinary and cardiovascular

D) lymphatic and respiratory

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

27) Which of the following systems are involved in bringing nutrients into the body and to its cells?

A) respiratory and cardiovascular

B) digestive and cardiovascular

C) urinary and cardiovascular

D) lymphatic and respiratory

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

28) Which human body system would be best described as playing roles in both waste disposal and conservation?

A) cardiovascular

B) nervous

C) urinary

D) lymphatic

E) respiratory

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

29) Which human body system includes lymphatic organs of the lymphatic network, such as the tonsils and lymph notes?

A) nervous

B) cardiovascular

C) urinary

D) endocrine

E) immune

Answer: E

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

30) Structures such as hair and nails are part of the:

A) skeletal system.

B) integumentary system.

C) endocrine system.

D) muscular system.

E) lymphatic system.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

31) Acne is caused by problems with the:

A) sweat glands.

B) endocrine glands.

C) sebaceous glands.

D) hair follicles.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

32) Keratinized cells near the surface of the epidermis are:

A) found in a single layer.

B) mostly dead and water resistant.

C) about one month old.

D) derived from nervous tissue.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

33) The inner layer of the skin, the dermis, is mostly:

A) epithelial tissue.

B) muscle tissue.

C) connective tissue.

D) keratin.

E) nervous tissue.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

34) A paper cut that draws blood must have cut down into at least which layer of the skin?

A) subcutaneous layer

B) dermis

C) adipose layer

D) epidermis

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Application/Analysis

35) Hair color (or lack of it) is mostly due to:

A) activity of melanocytes.

B) a colored version of keratin.

C) sebaceous gland pigments.

D) sweat gland pigments.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Application/Analysis

36) Glands found primarily in the groin and armpit areas are the:

A) sebaceous glands.

B) merocrine sweat glands.

C) apocrine glands.

D) endocrine glands.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

37) Structures of the skeletal system include all of the following except:

A) bone.

B) cartilage.

C) nails.

D) ligaments.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

38) Which of the following typically connects a bone to another bone?

A) cartilage

B) ligaments

C) tendons

D) marrow

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Application/Analysis

39) Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

A) thoracic cage bones such as the ribs

B) pelvic girdle bones such as the os coxa

C) arm bones such as the humerus

D) leg bones such as the femur

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

40) Which of the following best describes "spongy bone"?

A) soft bone tissue

B) very similar to compact bone but more flexible

C) bone tissue found only in the skull

D) contains blood-cell-producing red marrow

Answer: D

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

41) Blood vessels and nerves are found in which part of compact bone?

A) only in the marrow cavity

B) only on the outside surface

C) in central canals

D) in osteoblasts

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

42) The two main divisions of the skeletal system are:

A) cranial and axial.

B) appendicular and cranial.

C) axial and articular.

D) appendicular and axial.

E) vertebral and appendicular.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

43) In a muscle cell, sarcomeres are the:

A) myofibrils that run the length of the cell.

B) fundamental units of muscle contraction.

C) thin filaments.

D) thick filaments.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.8

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

44) The protein actin is found in the:

A) nucleus.

B) thick filaments.

C) thin filaments.

D) membrane.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 26.8

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

45) Which part of the muscle cell actually does the work of contraction by attaching, pivoting, and pulling?

A) myosin heads

B) actin filaments

C) calcium ions

D) neurotransmitter molecules

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.8

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

46) The brain is responsible for essentially all homeostasis.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Application/Analysis

47) The heart is in the thoracic cavity.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

48) Homeostasis is maintained mostly by positive feedback.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

49) The abdominopelvic cavity is part of the larger ventral body cavity.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

50) In the levels of organization, the tissue level is between the cellular and organ levels.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 26.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

51) Because they form linings or coverings, epithelial tissues always face an open area or an exterior environment.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

52) Smooth muscle may be moved by either voluntary or involuntary control depending on location in the body.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

53) Subcutaneous fat tissue in humans is located mainly in the dermis.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

54) The dermis is mostly made up of connective tissue.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

55) Keratin in the skin is produced mainly by the cells in the epidermis.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

56) A sweat gland is a type of exocrine gland.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 26.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Match the following.

A) Connective tissue

B) Muscle Tissue

C) Nervous tissue

D) Epithelial tissue

57) May have "ground substance"

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Application/Analysis

58) "Smooth" is one type

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Application/Analysis

59) Includes glial cells

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Application/Analysis

60) Covers surfaces and forms linings

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Application/Analysis

Answers: 57) A 58) B 59) C 60) D

Match the following.

A) joints and cartilage

B) hair, nails, and some glands

C) water conservation and waste processing

D) communication using hormones

E) larynx, trachea, and bronchi

F) Connective tissue

61) Bone and cartilage

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Application/Analysis

62) Urinary system

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

63) Endocrine system

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

64) Respiratory system

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

65) Skeletal system

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

66) Integumentary system

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

Answers: 61) F 62) C 63) D 64) E 65) A 66) B

67) In the most general terms, studying the structure of the passages that air takes into the lungs would be considered ________; studying the mechanism for how gases are exchanged between the lungs and the blood would be ________.

Answer: anatomy; physiology

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Application/Analysis

68) The brain is in the ________ cavity, which is part of the larger ________ cavity.

Answer: cranial; dorsal

Topic: Section 26.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

69) Glands are part of the ________ tissue category.

Answer: epithelial

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

70) Bone and cartilage are examples of ________ tissues.

Answer: connective

Topic: Section 26.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

71) The endocrine system sends signals using chemical messengers called ________.

Answer: hormones

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

72) The two organ systems that are involved in removing wastes from the cells and eliminating them from the body are the ________ system and ________ system.

Answer: cardiovascular; urinary

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

73) A 25-year-old friend tells you her mom was diagnosed with advanced osteoporosis. Your friend seems dispirited, feeling resigned to the same fate. Using the material you learned about the skeletal system, what supportive advice can you give your friend for ways she can guard against her risk of osteoporosis?

Answer: She is still in the stage of life in which she is adding bone density. She can, through exercise and diet, increase bone density now, guarding against future osteoporosis risk.

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Application/Analysis

74) An older friend of yours who has been a dedicated jogger for many years has been having mild knee pain recently when jogging longer distances. He tells you his doctor recommended better-cushioned running shoes. He wonders why better shoes on his feet will help his knees. Using the material you learned about the skeletal system, what can you say to help your friend understand his doctor's recommendation?

Answer: The knee joint has shock-absorbing cartilage that can wear with age (part of the story of osteoarthritis). Anything that helps reduce impact will help prevent further damage.

Topic: Section 26.7

Skill: Application/Analysis

75) An auto mechanic friend expresses interest in changing his career to nursing. He sees that anatomy and physiology is one of the courses he needs to take. He asks you what such a course would be like. You decide to explain it to him by comparing the human body to a car. How would you explain the course to him?

Answer: Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, so it would be similar to learning the parts of a car and how they fit together. Being able to assemble (and disassemble without damaging) car parts such as a transmission or engine would be anatomy. Dissection of specimens used in anatomy would be similar to that auto part disassembly process he knows so well. However, physiology would be the study of how things function, so the fact that your friend knows how the engine and transmission work to move a car would be similar to physiology. He needs to know how those automobile parts work so that he can figure out what's wrong and how to fix the parts when they are malfunctioning–just as a medical professional must do when body parts aren't working properly.

Topic: Section 26.1

Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

76) What is the evolutionary significance of tissues, organs, and organ systems in animals?

Answer: Tissues allowed a specialization or division of labor amongst the growing number of cells in the animals. Because a single cell no longer had to do all life functions itself and instead could cooperate with neighbors, larger size was also a by-product of specialization. As organisms evolved larger body size, they had more cells that were further from the surface where nutrients and wastes could be exchanged. Systems such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems developed to bring nutrients to these deeper cells and remove wastes from them. Large, complex animals would not be possible without such specialization.

Topic: Section 26.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

77) A biology classmate seems confused by something he read at the professor's website about calcium imbalances and neurotoxins interfering with proper functioning of the muscular system–even to the point of causing death by suffocation. He states the professor probably goofed up and meant the skeletal, nervous, and respiratory systems were adversely affected. Defend your professor's statements.

Answer: Your classmate would have learned from the chapter and/or lecture that muscle cell function is dependent on calcium and messages delivered by neurotransmitters. Calcium ions play the critical role of allowing myosin heads to bind to the actin filaments, pulling them toward the center of the sarcomeres and contracting the muscle. Neurotransmitters "ferry" the message to the muscle cell that it's time to release calcium and start the contraction process. Without them, muscles such as the diaphragm, which helps us breathe, would malfunction.

Topic: Section 26.8

Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).

78) The missing label indicated with a "1" corresponds to which tissue type?

A) epithelial

B) connective

C) muscle

D) nervous

Answer: A

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

79) The missing label indicated with a "2" corresponds to which tissue type?

A) epithelial

B) connective

C) muscle

D) nervous

Answer: B

Topic: Section 26.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension