Chapter 25 The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 5e (Krogh)

1) The trap of a carnivorous plant such as the Venus flytrap is what plant structure?

A) stem

B) leaf

C) fruit

D) flower

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

2) Which kind of root system consists of a large central root and numerous lateral roots?

A) fibrous

B) taproot

C) needle-like

D) spinous

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

3) The major advantage provided to plants by root hairs is:

A) needle-like points for drilling through hard or rocky soil.

B) ability to produce new taproots.

C) underground asexual reproduction.

D) greatly increasing absorptive surface area.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Application/Analysis

4) About 90 percent of water absorbed through roots is lost to the atmosphere due to the process of:

A) transpiration.

B) expiration.

C) perspiration.

D) photosynthesis.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

5) The structure that attaches a leaf to the rest of the plant is the:

A) blade.

B) stoma.

C) petiole.

D) stem.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

6) Mesophyll cells are primarily responsible for:

A) transport of water.

B) protection of a leaf.

C) regulating passage of carbon dioxide into the leaf.

D) photosynthesis.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

7) Guard cells are responsible for:

A) transport of water and minerals.

B) protection of a leaf.

C) regulating passage of carbon dioxide into the leaf.

D) photosynthesis.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

8) The outer portion of the "ground tissue" of a stem is referred to as its:

A) cortex.

B) pith.

C) sepal.

D) mesophyll.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

9) Sepals are:

A) pollen-producing structures.

B) leaf-like structures that protect a flower before it opens.

C) pollen receptacles on a carpel.

D) insect-attracting structures of the flower.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

10) In both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, a cotyledon is a(n):

A) type of seed.

B) type of flower.

C) embryonic root.

D) embryonic leaf.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

11) A ring of vascular bundles in a stem is characteristic of:

A) monocots.

B) many dicots.

C) both monocots and dicots.

D) non-flowering seed plants.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

12) Narrow, parallel-veined leaves are characteristic of:

A) monocots.

B) many dicots.

C) both monocots and dicots.

D) non-flowering seed plants.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

13) Secondary woody growth is characteristic of:

A) monocots.

B) dicots.

C) both monocots and dicots.

D) non-flowering seed plants.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

14) Flower parts arranged in multiples of four or five is characteristic of:

A) monocots.

B) dicots.

C) both monocots and dicots.

D) non-flowering seed plants.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).

A friend of yours finds a plastic bag containing what appear to be similar seeds collected last year during a vacation hiking trip. Your friend isn't quite sure which plant he collected them from. You open the seed with a sharp knife, examine the inside, and ask him if it was a non-woody plant with narrow leaves. Now recalling the plant, and astonished by your "detective work," he says, "Yes! How did you know?" Your friend then presents several pressed flowers and states that one of the flowers was from the plant from which he collected the seeds, but he isn't exactly sure which one. You examine the petals and sepals of each flower. The first flower has six parts, the second has five parts, and the third has eight parts.

15) How did you know by examining the seed that it was a non-woody plant with narrow leaves?

A) The seed contained an embryonic flower with four petals.

B) The seed contained a small taproot.

C) The seed contained one cotyledon.

D) The seed contained two cotyledons.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

16) Which flower would you select as the one matching the plant from which he gathered the seeds?

A) The flower with six parts

B) The flower with five parts

C) The flower with eight parts

D) Either the flower with five or the flower with eight parts could match the seeds.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

17) Which plant tissue is associated with a waxy coating called the cuticle?

A) meristematic

B) ground

C) vascular

D) dermal

Answer: D

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

18) Which plant tissue may play a role in photosynthesis, nutrient storage, and plant structure?

A) meristematic

B) ground

C) vascular

D) dermal

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

19) Vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals is the:

A) meristematic tissue.

B) phloem.

C) xylem.

D) ground substance.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

20) Vascular tissue that conducts food produced during photosynthesis is the:

A) meristematic tissue.

B) phloem.

C) xylem.

D) ground substance.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

21) Which plant tissue contains cells called tracheids?

A) meristematic tissue

B) phloem

C) xylem

D) ground substance

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

22) You find a leaf that has large stomata and a thick, waxy covering. What is clear about the original plant?

A) The plant minimizes sunlight uptake.

B) The plant maximizes nutrient uptake.

C) The plant minimizes nutrient uptake.

D) The plant minimizes water loss.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Application/Analysis

23) Which statement best describes primary growth in angiosperms?

A) Growth occurs at the tips of shoots and roots.

B) Growth occurs evenly throughout the plant.

C) First-year growth occurs at the tips of shoots and roots, and then growth occurs evenly throughout the plant as it ages.

D) First-year growth occurs evenly throughout the plant, and then growth only occurs at the tips and shoots as it ages.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 25.4

Skill: Application/Analysis

24) Growth areas of an angiosperm are called:

A) ground tissue.

B) root caps.

C) cuticles.

D) apical meristems.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 25.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

25) Lateral buds tend to stay dormant when:

A) conditions are favorable for leaf growth.

B) damaged apical meristems produce hormones that suppress their growth.

C) healthy apical meristems produce hormones that suppress their growth.

D) root growth is rapid.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

26) Because a plant can grow indefinitely at the tips of the roots and shoots, we say that a plant's growth is:

A) annualized.

B) indeterminate.

C) determinate.

D) limitless.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.4

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

27) Which of the following best describes the nature of the cells of mature, functioning xylem?

A) living, thick-walled tubes

B) dead, thick-walled tubes

C) living cells that have lost their nucleus

D) dead cells that retain some organelles and some maintenance functions

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

28) Which of the following best describes the nature of the sieve element cells of mature, functioning phloem?

A) living, thick-walled tubes

B) dead, thick-walled tubes

C) living cells that have lost their nucleus

D) dead cells that retain some organelles and some maintenance functions

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

29) The force that moves water through xylem is provided by:

A) gravity.

B) transpiration.

C) osmosis.

D) active transport.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

30) The force that moves material through phloem is provided by:

A) gravity.

B) transpiration.

C) osmosis.

D) active transport.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

31) Companion cells are specialized cells found in which plant tissue?

A) meristematic tissue

B) phloem

C) xylem

D) ground substance

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

32) The male gametophyte generation of angiosperms is represented by:

A) pollen grains.

B) embryo sacs.

C) seeds.

D) the style.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

33) The female gametophyte generation of angiosperms is represented by:

A) pollen grains.

B) embryo sacs.

C) seeds.

D) pollen tubes.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

34) Fusion of a sperm cell with the large central cell in an angiosperm embryo sac produces:

A) a spore.

B) the zygote.

C) the endosperm.

D) a pollen tube.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

35) Which statement best describes the role of the megaspore in angiosperm reproduction?

A) The megaspore develops into a seed.

B) The megaspore produces pollen grains.

C) The megaspore develops into the anther.

D) The megaspore produces the egg-containing embryo sac.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

36) Place the following listed items in the correct order in relation to the life cycle of a flowering plant:

(1) fertilization, (2) formation of a pollen tube, (3) pollination.

A) 1, 2, 3

B) 3, 2, 1

C) 2, 3, 1

D) 2, 1, 3

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Application/Analysis

37) The source of a fruit produced by an angiosperm is its:

A) endosperm.

B) ovary wall.

C) sepal.

D) seed.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 25.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

38) A flower's nectar is food for pollinators, so one might question whether fruit is also an adaptation for attracting pollinators. Which of the following would be the most valid fact supporting the hypothesis that fruit is for encouraging seed dispersal rather than to encourage pollination?

A) Fruit is too large for pollinators to consume.

B) Fruit does not last long enough for long-term pollination cycles.

C) The carpel has already been pollinated when fruit is developing.

D) Pollinators do not have mouthparts appropriate to eat fruit.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.7

Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

39) Although they produce flowers, cacti with needle-like leaves would be classified as gymnosperms rather than angiosperms.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

40) Angiosperm flowers always self-pollinate because they have both male and female reproductive structures.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

41) A fibrous root system is made of roots that are all about the same size.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

42) Root hairs develop into taproots.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

43) Stomata allow carbon dioxide into a leaf and water vapor out.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

44) Most stomata are found on the top surface of a leaf.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

45) Guard cells open stomata when they engorge with water and bow outward.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

46) The "style" is the long, slender structure of the stamen.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

47) Carpels are the often-colorful parts of a flower that attract pollinators.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

48) Woody plants such as oaks and maples are dicots.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

49) Woody plants exhibit secondary growth in addition to primary growth.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

50) Vascular bundles are found in monocot stems but not in dicot stems.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

51) The cotyledons of an embryo represent the first leaves of the plant.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

52) Ground tissue forms the bulk of the primary plant.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Application/Analysis

53) The apical meristem produces the primary tissues in a plant.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.4

Skill: Application/Analysis

54) Companion cells play a role in keeping xylem cells alive.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

55) The male gametophyte generation develops largely within pollen grains of angiosperms.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Application/Analysis

56) The anther in a flower produces microspores.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

57) Double fertilization occurs within the embryo sac in the carpels of angiosperms.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

58) The fruit that surrounds a seed provides the primary nourishment for the germinating embryo.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

59) Although they may look different, all fruits come from one carpel and produce one seed.

Answer: FALSE

Topic: Section 25.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

60) The pod of a pea plant represents a fruit produced by the plant.

Answer: TRUE

Topic: Section 25.7

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Match the following.

A) connects leaf to stem

B) catches pollen

C) open and close stomata

D) conducts food

E) produces pollen

61) Phloem

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

62) Guard cells

Topic:

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Section 25.1

63) Anther

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

64) Petiole

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

65) Stigma

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Answers: 61) D 62) C 63) E 64) A 65) B

Match the following. Answers may be used more than once.

A) monocot

B) non-flowering plant

C) dicot

66) Vascular bundles arranged in a ring

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

67) Fibrous root system

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

68) Seeds not surrounded by fruit

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Application/Analysis

69) May have woody growth

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

70) Narrow leaves with parallel veins

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Answers: 66) C 67) A 68) B 69) C 70) A

71) The two basic divisions of the "body" of an angiosperm plant are ________ and ________.

Answer: roots; shoots

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

72) The type of root system more common in monocots is the ________ root system.

Answer: fibrous

Topic: Section 25.2

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

73) The structures in which xylem and phloem tubes are found are called ________.

Answer: vascular bundles

Topic: Section 25.3

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

74) ________ provides the force that moves water up xylem.

Answer: Transpiration

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

75) After pollination, sperm cells travel through the carpel in a structure called the ________.

Answer: pollen tube

Topic: Section 25.6

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

76) Of the two basic structures of an angiosperm plant, roots are described as having the more straightforward function, while shoots have more complex functions. Evaluate and explain why this is true.

Answer: Roots have essentially one job: to grow (mostly underground) toward water and minerals and absorb those substances. Conversely, shoots must differentiate into structures with many jobs. Shoots must differentiate into leaves specialized for photosynthesis. They must also differentiate into stems, which have tissues needed for transport of materials and which support the plant too. Shoots must also produce flowers for reproduction of the plant.

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

77) Describe how the broad leaf of a typical dicot is so well adapted for its job as the photosynthetic organ of a plant. In your answer make sure to assess the ways plants evolved to deal with potential problems the broad leaf might cause.

Answer: The broad leaf exposes a great deal of surface area to sunlight but also creates problems that must be solved. That surface area also allows more opportunity for water loss. Although some water loss is actually desirable in order to power movement of water through xylem, too much would be lost if the leaf did not have an epidermis, which is typically associated with a waxy cuticle, to prevent water loss. However, a cuticle that prevents water vapor loss also prevents most gas exchange. That would also prevent much-needed carbon dioxide from entering the leaf for use by photosynthetic cells. To solve this problem, stomata provide entrance for carbon dioxide. However, stomata also let water vapor escape. Guard cells are adapted to keep stomata closed unless photosynthesis is actively occurring during daylight hours.

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

78) Evaluate and explain this statement: An angiosperm plant could be described as the ultimate "solar energy organism."

Answer: The angiosperm plant could be described this way because of photosynthesis and the energy-storing (and energy-releasing) molecules it produces. However, there are other more indirect ways that plants maximize use of the sun. Molecules made through photosynthesis provide energy for the active transport that moves sugars into phloem, indirectly providing the osmotic pressure to move food around the plant. Transpiration occurs because of the warmth (and air movement) powered by the sun, which in turn provides the force to move water up and through the xylem of the plant. So, while humans, for example, expend a great deal of energy to keep a heart pumping materials around the body, a plant spends almost no energy to accomplish the same result.

Topic: Section 25.5

Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).

79) The missing label indicated by a "1" corresponds to the:

A) anther.

B) stigma.

C) style.

D) ovary.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

80) The missing label indicated by a "2" corresponds to the:

A) anther.

B) stigma.

C) style.

D) ovary.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 25.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension