Chapter 24 Plants: The Diversity of Life 4
Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 5e (Krogh)
1) Which of the following is characteristic of plants?
A) chloroplasts
B) hyphae
C) a mycelium
D) a cell wall made of chitin
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Plants are different from all other photosynthetic organisms in that they:
A) are eukaryotic.
B) are green.
C) have photosynthetic pigments.
D) develop from embryos.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) Woody plants have which two compounds in their cell walls?
A) chlorophyll and cellulose
B) cellulose and lignin
C) chitin and cellulose
D) chitin and lignin
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) In all plants, the diploid (2n) phase produces:
A) sperm and/or eggs.
B) flowers.
C) spores.
D) roots.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) In alternation of generations in all plants, the multicellular haploid (1n) organism is referred to as the:
A) zygote.
B) gamete.
C) sporophyte.
D) gametophyte.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) What trend do we observe as we look at alternation of generations and plant kingdom evolution?
A) The sporophyte generation is dominant in more advanced plants.
B) The gametophyte generation is dominant in more advanced plants.
C) Only ferns show a significant gametophyte generation.
D) Only gymnosperms show a significant sporophyte generation.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) Besides cell walls, features often found in plant cells but not in animal cells are:
A) spindle-shaped centrioles.
B) water-filled central vacuoles.
C) mitochondria.
D) nuclei.
E) cell membranes.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) Bryophytes lack:
A) chlorophyll.
B) spores.
C) gametes.
D) vascular tissue.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of mosses and ferns?
A) cool, damp, and windy conditions
B) above-average temperatures for a few days
C) a long dry period
D) excessively wet and rainy conditions
Answer: C
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
10) Both mosses and ferns "show their aquatic ancestry" because they:
A) lack a water-repellent cuticle.
B) typically require water for sperm delivery to the egg.
C) have roots that must remain wet at all times.
D) require water for egg laying.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Elaborate leaves called "fronds" are found in which group of seedless vascular plants?
A) green algae
B) gymnosperms
C) mosses
D) ferns
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) Which evolutionary plant innovation eliminated the need for sperm to swim through water to fertilize an egg, resulting in plants being truly adapted for reproduction on land?
A) independent gametophyte
B) rhizoids
C) fruit
D) pollen
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
13) Gymnosperms were the dominant form of plant life on land:
A) around the time the dinosaurs came to dominance.
B) until the discovery of fire by humans.
C) before ferns evolved.
D) about 20 million years ago.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Pollen grains contain:
A) spores.
B) eggs.
C) sperm.
D) wings.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
15) An advantage that pollen grain evolution gave gymnosperms was:
A) less energy to produce than gametes.
B) airborne sperm transport over great distances.
C) spores with a small food supply inside.
D) eggs no longer had to swim.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) In general, a seed is a:
A) protected plant embryo with a food supply.
B) reproductive structure that requires pollen to become active.
C) a large spore that grows into the gametophyte.
D) plant ovary.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) A major difference between gymnosperm and angiosperm seeds is that:
A) gymnosperm seeds are haploid.
B) angiosperm seeds are haploid.
C) gymnosperm seeds are larger.
D) angiosperm seeds are larger.
E) gymnosperm seeds are not surrounded by fruit.
Answer: E
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) You are a naturalist traveling with a group of explorers in the higher elevations of a jungle. You see an unfamiliar-looking, tall, tree-like plant. It is producing seeds that are attached directly to a stem, but there appears to be no evidence of flowers associated with the seeds. To which group of plants does the tree belong?
A) hornworts
B) angiosperms
C) ferns
D) gymnosperms
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) Which statement about conifers such as the spruce tree is most accurate?
A) They comprise a small percentage of angiosperm species.
B) They are rare, fruit-bearing gymnosperms.
C) They comprise about three-fourths of all gymnosperm species.
D) They are the largest seedless vascular plants.
E) Male conifers produce cones while female trees produce flowers.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
20) You are a naturalist traveling with a group of explorers in a valley of the Amazon rainforest. In a particularly wet area, you see a beautiful carpet of small plants. You notice tiny flowers on most of the plants. To which group do these plants belong?
A) hornworts
B) mosses
C) seedless vascular plants
D) gymnosperms
E) angiosperms
Answer: E
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
21) Most angiosperms are pollinated with the help of:
A) animals.
B) wind.
C) water currents.
D) farming techniques.
E) fungi.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) The reserve food in angiosperm seeds is stored in a special tissue called:
A) nectar.
B) the sporophyte.
C) endosperm.
D) the seed coat.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) Fruit produced by angiosperms is most closely associated with which function?
A) pollination
B) seed dispersal
C) endosperm production
D) nourishing the embryo
E) thigmotropism
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
24) Which of the following would be an example of an adaptation for seed dispersal?
A) phototropism
B) pinecones
C) nectar production
D) seeds wrapped in burrs
E) deciduous cycles
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
25) A currently accepted hypothesis for gravitropism in plants is that:
A) sedimentation of organelles triggers hormone release.
B) microscopic eyespots trigger upward (skyward) growth.
C) ground contact inhibits stem growth while air stimulates it.
D) bending of leaves in response to gravity triggers growth in the opposite direction.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
26) The hormone IAA helps plants to respond to and grow toward a light source by:
A) slowing growth under low light conditions.
B) increasing mitosis on the side of the shoot facing light.
C) elongating cells on the opposite side of the shoot facing light.
D) triggering release of growth factors at the tip of the stem.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
27) You see a plant stem wrapped around a telephone pole, spiraling upward. This plant is demonstrating:
A) geotropism.
B) thigmotropism.
C) phototropism.
D) photoperiodism.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
28) Long-night plants that only flower when they encounter a certain minimum number of hours of darkness are an example of:
A) geotropism.
B) thigmotropism.
C) phototropism.
D) photoperiodism.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
29) Trees that intentionally lose their leaves according to coordinated, seasonal schedules are:
A) deciduous.
B) gametophytes.
C) sporophytes.
D) thigmotropic.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
30) Diminished rewards of photosynthesis in winter along with the negatives of water loss and leaf damage cause many trees to exhibit:
A) photoperiodism.
B) dormancy.
C) thigmotropism.
D) phototropism.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
31) In plant life cycles, meiosis produces spores.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
32) In plant life cycles, eggs and sperm are produced by mitosis.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
33) The life cycle of mosses contains only a haploid generation.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) The life cycle of flowering plants contains both sporophytes and gametophytes.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
35) Ferns differ from mosses in that ferns contain vascular tissue and mosses do not.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
36) As a more recently evolved plant group, angiosperms completely lack a gametophyte generation.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
37) Horsetails are a type of seedless vascular plant.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
38) Some species of mosses have pollen that does not have to move through water to reach an egg.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
39) Endosperm is the nutritional tissue found within a seed.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
40) A single type of pinecone is responsible for the production of both pollen and eggs.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Match the following. Answers may be used more than once.
A) seedless vascular plant
B) bryophyte
C) angiosperm
D) gymnosperm
41) Club moss
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
42) Liverwort
Topic:
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section 24.3
43) Spruce tree
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
44) Seeds wrapped in burrs
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
45) Ferns
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answers: 41) A 42) B 43) D 44) C 45) A
Match the following.
A) process that produces spores in plants
B) process that produces gametes in plants
C) the diploid (2n) part of a plant's life cycle
D) product of gamete fusion
E) the haploid (1n) part of a plant's life cycle
46) Gametophyte
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
47) Meiosis
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
48) Zygote
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
49) Mitosis
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
50) Sporophyte
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answers: 46) E 47) A 48) D 49) B 50) C
51) A spore growing into a plant that will produce sperm or eggs describes the ________ generation of a plant's life cycle.
Answer: gametophyte
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
52) The three main kinds of seedless vascular plants are: ________, ________, and ________.
Answer: ferns; horsetails; club mosses
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
53) Ginkgo biloba belongs in the plant group ________.
Answer: gymnosperms
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
54) ________ is the angiosperm tissue that is intended for nutrition of the embryo and not animal seed dispersal but is nonetheless an important food source for people. ________ and ________ are examples of crops in which the endosperm is an important food source for people.
Answer: Endosperm; Rice; wheat
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
55) Movement of the hormone ________ to different areas of a plant to promote growth is one of the ways a plant is able to respond to external signals.
Answer: IAA
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
56) The story of plant evolution could be described as a story of how plants broke their dependence on aquatic existence. Explain how you could support this statement.
Answer: Although the cells of mosses and other bryophytes do indeed live out of water, these most primitive land plants still require moist environments. Without true roots to dig deep to find water, and with sperm that must swim to the egg for reproduction, bryophytes need to be in contact with water for most of their life span. Seedless vascular plants have roots and can better rise out of watery environments, but water is still needed for reproduction. Similar to the story of reptiles, gymnosperm seeds, like amniotic eggs in animals, protect the embryo from harsh conditions. Airborne pollen also makes water unnecessary for fertilization in most gymnosperms. Similarly, the seeds and animal-assisted pollination of angiosperms make for independence from an aquatic environment, even though some angiosperms have evolved back into water plants.
Topic: Section 24.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
57) In some areas of the world where there are large numbers of pines, everything is covered in the spring with a yellow dust that turns out, upon examination, to be pine pollen. Why must conifers produce so much pollen, and why do we not see as much pollen produced by a field of flowers?
Answer: Pines are wind pollinated and must produce large excesses of pollen because pollination takes place by chance. Field flowers are insect pollinated and therefore don't have to produce so much pollen because insects carry it to the exact location where it can grow. Gymnosperm pollen also is carried easily by air and deposited on surfaces, whereas pollen from many angiosperms tends to stay in the flower until specialized structures on pollinators pick it up and deliver it to a receiving flower.
Topic: Section 24.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
58) Although they do not possess the nervous and muscular systems animals do, plants are able to physically respond to their environments. Evaluate and support this statement.
Answer: Like fungi, plants can make a physical response to their environment through growth rather than movement. Gravitropism allows plants to seemingly reshape themselves in response to the direction of the pull of gravity, even though the reshaping is regulated simply by faster growth on one side of a shoot or root. Phototropism allows plants to seemingly reshape themselves in response to the direction of a source of sunlight, even though the reshaping is regulated simply through faster growth on the side of a shoot on the opposite side of the stem. And thigmotropism follows the same pattern as above, with hormone molecules stimulating growth on the side of a shoot or tendril opposite from the side in contact with an object.
Topic: Section 24.4
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).
59) The missing label indicated by a "1" corresponds to the:
A) cell wall.
B) central vacuole.
C) cell membrane.
D) chloroplast.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
60) The missing label indicated by a "2" corresponds to the:
A) cell wall.
B) central vacuole.
C) cell membrane.
D) chloroplast.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.
61) The missing label indicated by a "3" corresponds to the:
A) multicellular sporophyte.
B) multicellular gametophyte.
C) gametes.
D) spores.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 24.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
.png)