Chapter 23 Animals: The Diversity of Life 3
Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 5e (Krogh)
1) The single characteristic that all animals have that other organisms don't is that they:
A) possess the ability to change location.
B) are single celled.
C) possess sensory systems.
D) undergo a blastula stage in development.
E) are terrestrial.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which of the following would be a valid characteristic of animals that may also be shared by other groups of organisms?
A) Some animals have cell walls.
B) All animals are multicellular.
C) Some animals are sessile their entire lives.
D) Some animals are photosynthetic.
E) All animals are relatively large.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
3) The overwhelming majority of animals are:
A) invertebrates.
B) vertebrates.
C) unicellular.
D) mammals.
E) sessile.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
4) The phylum of animals that does not show true tissues or symmetry is:
A) Nematoda.
B) Annelida.
C) Platyhelminthes.
D) Cnidaria.
E) Porifera.
Answer: E
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) Which of the following animal phyla are most closely related?
A) Echinodermata and Chordata
B) Arthropoda and Annelida
C) Porifera and Cnidaria
D) Platyhelminthes and Nematoda
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
6) Which of the following is not an advantage of a body cavity?
A) It allows flexibility and safe storage of organs.
B) It allows for the storage of eggs or offspring.
C) It provides a safe place for an expandable digestive tract.
D) It provides for movement.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
7) Bilateral symmetry refers to distribution of body parts:
A) randomly in pairs from top to bottom.
B) around a central axis.
C) similarly on right and left sides.
D) in pie-slice sections.
E) in no particular order.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) Sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms all lack which characteristic found in most other animal groups?
A) tissues
B) a coelom
C) symmetry
D) the blastula embryo
E) motility
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) "Collar cells" perform what function for sponges?
A) create a current to pull water through pores
B) ingest food particles
C) help the sponge move through water
D) anchor the sponge to a base
E) produce a body cavity
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) Cnidarians typically obtain food by:
A) filter feeding.
B) stinging and pulling prey to the mouth with tentacles.
C) amoeboid-like engulfing of prey.
D) forming cooperative arrangements with photosynthetic organisms.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) The typical "jellyfish" demonstrates which stage of the cnidarian life cycle?
A) blastula
B) polyp
C) medusa
D) serpentine
E) sessile
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) A characteristic that is common to cnidarians is:
A) an osculum.
B) a medusa stage in the life cycle.
C) that they create coral reefs.
D) stinging cells.
E) a complete digestive tract.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
13) As a general, common feature, what characteristic do flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have in common with some of the more advanced animal phyla?
A) bilateral symmetry
B) segmentation
C) complex sensory organs
D) a shell
E) a coelom
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
14) Flatworms are the most primitive animal phylum to have:
A) asymmetry.
B) radial symmetry.
C) organs.
D) a circulatory system.
E) muscle tissue.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
15) Which of the following is a group of parasitic flatworms?
A) annelids
B) flukes
C) nematodes
D) leeches
E) sea anemones
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) A characteristic of annelids is:
A) freshwater existence.
B) parasitism.
C) ocean-dwelling existence.
D) a radula.
E) body segmentation.
Answer: E
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Leeches are in the phylum:
A) Nematoda.
B) Mollusca.
C) Annelida.
D) Cnidaria.
E) Platyhelminthes.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Which characteristic is common to all molluscs?
A) mantle
B) tentacles
C) radula
D) brain
E) open circulatory system
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
19) Snails and slugs are in which mollusc group?
A) cephalopod
B) bivalve
C) gastropod
D) arthropod
E) radula
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
20) Which of the following parasites is a roundworm (Nematoda)?
A) hookworm
B) fluke
C) leech
D) tapeworm
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) Which statement about nematodes is most accurate?
A) They are mainly parasites.
B) They are mainly crop pests.
C) They all have straight, flattened bodies.
D) They fit into numerous ecological roles including detritivores.
E) They have exoskeletons made of cellulose.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
22) Ticks and horseshoe crabs are members of subphylum:
A) Urochordata.
B) Chelicerata.
C) Crustacea.
D) Insecta.
E) Uniramia.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) The term "arthropod" best translates as:
A) human-like.
B) outside skeleton.
C) sharp jaws.
D) jointed leg.
E) hairy legs.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24) Which group is most closely related to the echinoderms?
A) Arthropods
B) Molluscs
C) Chordates
D) Nematodes
E) Annelids
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
25) Which would be a fact supporting the hypothesis that echinoderms such as sea stars evolved into radial symmetry from bilateral symmetry?
A) Their larvae have bilateral symmetry.
B) They use their appendages in a bilateral manner.
C) Their brains show the mirror image development of bilateral symmetry.
D) They swim like animals with bilateral symmetry.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
26) Nearly all echinoderms are found in which habitat?
A) lakes
B) rivers
C) beaches
D) ocean surface
E) ocean floor
Answer: E
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
27) At some point in their lives, all chordates have:
A) jaws.
B) gills.
C) a brain.
D) a dorsal nerve cord.
E) a ventral nerve cord.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) A notochord is a:
A) tough yet flexible support structure.
B) dorsal nerve cord.
C) ventral nerve cord.
D) specialized tail adapted for swimming.
E) tube for circulating water through gills.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
29) Which statement about the vertebrates is most accurate?
A) They are the dominant phylum in the animal kingdom.
B) There are more vertebrate species than flatworms or cnidarians but fewer than there are insects.
C) They are the only group to have evolved aquatic, terrestrial, and flying lifestyles.
D) They evolved from echinoderms.
E) They evolved from molluscs.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
30) As part of your independent study in field biology, you are sent to a small, inland sea. In one of your samples, you discover a small eel-like creature. It has a stiff, rod-shaped structure running the length of its dorsal side, with a line of nervous tissue running along with it. You would begin the process of classifying this organism by placing it in phylum:
A) Vertebrata.
B) Arthropoda.
C) Chordata.
D) Cnidaria.
E) Mollusca.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).
As part of your independent study in field biology, you are sent to the seashore to take samples. In one of your samples, you discover a flexible, sessile creature. It looks somewhat plant-like, but then you notice a polyp that is producing medusa-like animals.
31) The creature is likely to be related to:
A) Arthropods such as lobsters.
B) Echinoderms such as sea cucumbers.
C) Poriferans such as sponges.
D) Chordates such as sea squirts.
E) Cnidarians such as Obelia.
Answer: E
Topic: Section 23.4
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
32) The type of reproduction you are observing is:
A) sexual reproduction.
B) asexual budding.
C) parthenogenesis.
D) oviparous.
E) viviparous.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.4
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
33) A form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg can develop into an adult organism is:
A) budding.
B) fission.
C) oviparous reproduction.
D) parthenogenesis.
E) hermaphrodism.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) A hermaphrodite is an organism that:
A) generally reproduces asexually.
B) does not require males for sexual reproduction.
C) possesses both male and female sex organs.
D) can select the sex of its offspring.
E) usually stores sperm in female structures for months after copulation.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
35) External fertilization of eggs in animals is:
A) rarely seen except in aquatic environments.
B) most common in arthropods.
C) less common in cnidarians.
D) absent in vertebrate species.
E) most common among hermaphroditic species.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
36) In addition to maintaining a wet environment necessary for survival of the embryo, what other essential characteristic does the amniotic egg possess?
A) a shell that most predators cannot break
B) ability to absorb nutrients from the environment
C) easier fertilization
D) low energy/material for the mother to produce
E) ability to allow for gas exchange
Answer: E
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Application/Analysis
37) Extra protective behaviors toward young may have evolved from a common ancestor in evolutionary lines leading to the:
A) mammals, turtles, and snakes.
B) crocodiles, dinosaurs, and birds.
C) turtles, snakes, and lizards.
D) amphibians, lizards, and fish.
E) dinosaurs, turtles, and lizards.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
38) What replaces the membranes and nutrition source of amniotic eggs in organisms that exhibit live birth without amniotic eggs?
A) yolk sac
B) amnion
C) placenta
D) allantois
E) chorion
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
39) Reptiles, birds, and some mammals share which of the following characteristics?
A) are predators
B) are warm-blooded
C) exhibit live birth
D) have light, hollow bones
E) produce amniotic eggs
Answer: E
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
40) When we say an animal has an "open circulatory system," this means that:
A) a small amount of blood may leak out of vessels.
B) blood flows out of vessels and into spaces or sinuses.
C) the animal has a single-chambered heart, so blood mixes from all areas.
D) there are no vessels–blood simply fills all spaces inside the coelom.
E) movement of the animal is solely responsible for moving circulatory fluid.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.6
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
41) Molting is necessary for:
A) all animals.
B) all animals with skeletons.
C) all animals with exoskeletons.
D) all animals with endoskeletons.
E) only animals with endoskeletons and scaly skin.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 23.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
42) What type of skeleton is found in annelids?
A) endoskeleton
B) exoskeleton
C) dermal skeleton
D) hydrostatic skeleton
E) notochords
Answer: D
Topic: Section 23.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
43) Invertebrate animals greatly outnumber vertebrates.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
44) Whereas all animals are multicellular, some are nevertheless microscopic.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
45) There is far more animal diversity in the ocean than on land in part because animals first evolved in the ocean.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
46) Sponges were the earliest animals to evolve true tissues.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
47) Asymmetry refers to arrangement of body parts evenly around a central point.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
48) Platyhelminthes is the first phylum to possess a coelom.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
49) Most species of sponges live in freshwater environments, but a few species are marine.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
50) Cnidarians such as jellyfish have muscle and nervous tissues.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
51) Annelids demonstrate the important animal characteristic of body segmentation.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
52) Corals exhibit the polyp body form only.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
53) There are both aquatic and terrestrial species in the phylum Mollusca.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
54) There are more species in the insect group of phylum Arthropoda than all other animal phyla combined.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
55) A marine animal with tube feet and radial symmetry is certainly an echinoderm.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
56) All chordates are vertebrates.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
57) Copulation is necessary for all animals using internal fertilization.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
58) Mammals are the only group of animals to demonstrate significant protection of their young.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
59) Blood stays within vessels in a closed circulatory system.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Section 23.6
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Match the following.
A) medusa stage
B) crustaceans
C) trichinosis
D) bivalves
E) collar cells
60) Nematoda
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
61) Mollusca
Topic:
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section 23.3
62) Cnidaria
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
63) Arthropoda
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
64) Porifera
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answers: 60) C 61) D 62) A 63) B 64) E
Match the following.
A) unfertilized egg develops into an adult
B) cushioning membrane
C) Obelia polyps producing medusae
D) both male and female reproductive organs
E) fertilized egg laid outside mother's body
F) fertilized egg develops in the mother's body
65) Parthenogenesis
Topic: Section 23.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
66) Asexual budding
Topic: Section 23.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
67) Hermaphrodite
Topic: Section 23.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
68) Viviparous
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
69) Amnion
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
70) Oviparous
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answers: 65) A 66) C 67) D 68) F 69) B 70) E
71) Animals that do not have a backbone are called ________.
Answer: invertebrates
Topic: Section 23.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
72) Sponges acquire food by ________ as water passes through.
Answer: filter feeding
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
73) The structure in cnidarians with both digestive and circulation functions is the ________.
Answer: gastrovascular cavity
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
74) The features common to all chordates are: ________, ________, ________, and ________.
Answer: notochord; dorsal nerve cord; post-anal tail; pharyngeal slits
Topic: Section 23.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
75) What are the benefits and challenges of an exoskeleton?
Answer: The chief benefit is that an exoskeleton provides good protection; the chief challenge is that it limits the animal's size and growth, and so it must be shed periodically.
Topic: Section 23.7
Skill: Application/Analysis
76) The animal phyla with the most diversity and greatest representation in the animal kingdom have developed tissues, organs, and body cavities. Less successful phyla have not. Evaluate and explain why this is so.
Answer: Tissues allow for a group of cells to become specialized and work together for a life-support function. Even without true organs, a jellyfish can function as a predator by using muscle and nervous tissue to respond to the presence of prey. Organs and body cavities allow for even more specialization and flexibility in how these tissues can be modified for life-support functions. The body cavity, or coelom, allows for flexibility in use of space and expandability of organs such as the stomach. The body cavity also allows for internal protection of offspring.
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
77) We see a great deal of variation in reproductive strategies in the animal kingdom. Evaluate the basic strategies and trends in egg fertilization and protection in sexually reproducing animals.
Answer: The more primitive animals simply release sperm and egg cells into the environment, leaving it largely to chance that the egg cells and sperm will get together. In more complex animals, there is a trend toward producing fewer gametes (particularly eggs), and there are more reliable methods for getting sperm and egg together. Internal fertilization seen in higher animals is one method that accomplishes this goal. Also, there is a trend toward greater protection of eggs by protective behaviors and even by housing the fertilized egg and embryo inside the mother (viviparous reproduction).
Topic: Section 23.5
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
78) Discuss why nearly all larger animals have circulatory systems, and describe the differences between the open circulatory system and the closed circulatory system.
Answer: Diffusion is too slow for movement of nutrients, wastes, and gases such as oxygen over more than a few cells at a time. Without a circulatory system, animals would have to remain small and/or thin like the flatworms so that all cells are within diffusion distance of the environment for gas exchange or close to the digestive structures for nutrient diffusion. A closed circulatory system does this by relying on diffusion from lots of blood vessels distributing blood that stays mostly confined to the vessels. An open circulatory system allows blood to pour into sinuses to directly contact tissue cells.
Topic: Section 23.6
Skill: Application/Analysis
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).
79) The missing label indicated by a "1" corresponds to the:
A) radial symmetry.
B) bilateral symmetry.
C) asymmetry.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
80) The missing label indicated by a "2" corresponds to the:
A) radial symmetry.
B) bilateral symmetry.
C) asymmetry.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 23.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension