BIOL_164_6380_Introduction_to_Human_Anatomy_and_Physi Quiz_3_Respiratory_System

1. Clearly explain the differences between external and internal respiration in your own words. The difference between external respira#on and internal respira#on is external respira#on is the exchange of gases with the environment while internal respira#on is the exchange of gases between the molecules within the body. In external respira#on alveolar capillary exchanges CO2 and O2 with alveolus. With internal respira#on the systemic capillary sends O2 into the cells exchanging it for CO2. Another major difference is the difference of the par#al pressure by each. In external respira#on the par#al pressure of oxygen in alveoli is 104 mm Hg and the par#al pressure in the blood of the capillary is around 40 mm Hg. For internal respira#on the par#al pressure of oxygen in #ssues is about 40 mm HG and the par#al pressure in the blood is around 100 mm Hg. This ques"on has not been graded. The correct answer is not displayed for Wri!en Response type ques"ons. Ques"on 2 0 / 5 points 1. When you have a bad head cold, you breathe through your mouth. What possible problems can this cause? Mouth breathing drys your mouth which can cause bacteria to easily invade the membranes. It also can cause for you to develop a sinus infec#on or that and ear infec#ons on top of your head cold. This ques"on has not been graded. The correct answer is not displayed for Wri!en Response type ques"ons. Ques"on 3 0 / 5 points 1. The lungs are mostly passageways and elastic tissue. What are the roles of these two components? The elas#c #ssue of the lungs pulls the lungs inward away from the thoracic wall. The elas#city of the lungs also helps create intrapleural pressure. The roles of the passage ways is to deliver oxygen to the body while also allowing carbon dioxide to exit the body. This ques"on has not been graded. The correct answer is not displayed for Wri!en Response type ques"ons. Ques"on 4 0 / 5 points 1. Describe three physical and two chemical factors that can modify respiratory rate and depth and compare their relative importance. Physical Increased body temperature, exercise, speech all play a role in the depth and breathing rate. Things like exercise and speech changes the depth and breathing rate. These changes are only temporary because the voluntary control that we have over breathing in these #mes is very limited in what we can consciously control before the body takes over. For example you can only hold your breath for so long, or speak for a certain amount of #me before having to take a breath. Increased body temperature also plays a part because with increased body temperature of course breathing is increased in order to move oxygen through the body and in order to "cool down" vital por#ons of the body. Chemical Changes In the blood levels of CO2 in the blood affects rhythm and depth the most. Carbon dioxide acts on the medulla and effects the PH levels in the blood. It reduces the Ph levels of the blood. Rising levels of CO2 in the blood causes faster and deeper breathing. Whereas low levels leads to slower breathing. Central and Peripheral Chemorecptors. Central chemorectors are located in the medulla, which is constantly influenced by inters##al fluid. The central chemoreceptors are s#mulated to increase the depth and rate in order to exhaling CO2 in order to bring the PH balance back to its homeosta#c norms. Without the central receptors the par#al pressure of CO2 would never be brought back to its homeosta#c norms. Peripheral chemoreceptors is comprised of the aor#c and caro#d sectors. Once there is an increase in hydrogen ions the caro#d and aor#c bodies become s#mulated. Without this there would be no balance of hydrogen ion concentra#on in the blood which would affect the respiratory and body greatly This ques"on has not been graded. The correct answer is not displayed for Wri!en Response type ques"ons. Ques"on 5 5 / 5 points The respiratory conducting passageways do all of the following EXCEPT: A) allow air to reach the lungs B) purify air C) humidify air D) exchange gases E) warm incoming air Ques"on 6 5 / 5 points Which of the following is NOT a function of the sinuses: A) they lighten the skull B) they act as resonance chambers for speech C) they produce mucus D) they are olfactory receptors for smell E) they help to moisten air Ques"on 7 5 / 5 points Cilia of the trachea propel contaminated mucus: A) toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out B) toward the nose to be sneezed out C) toward the epiglottis to be coughed out D) toward the lungs to be encapsulated E) toward the glottis to be hiccupped out Ques"on 8 5 / 5 points Which of the following does NOT apply to the right primary bronchus: A) it is wider than the left bronchus B) it is shorter than the left bronchus C) it is narrower than the left bronchus D) it is straighter than the left bronchus

E) it is the more common site for an inhaled object to become lodged Ques"on 9 5 / 5 points Which of the following is NOT true of the lungs: A) the narrower portion of each lung is called the apex B) the bases rest on the diaphragm C) the left lung has two lobes D) the right lung has three lobes E) both lungs have two lobes Ques"on 10 5 / 5 points Which of the following is NOT true of the pleurae: A) they produce a slippery serous secretion B) they usually cling together C) they produce sticky mucus D) they glide easily against each other but resist being pulled apart E) the pleural space is more of a potential, rather than actual, space Ques"on 11 5 / 5 points Which of the following is NOT true of inspiration: A) contraction of the diaphragm helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity B) dilation of the external intercostals helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity C) increased intrapulmonary volume causes the gases to spread out D) the decreased gas pressure produces a partial vacuum that sucks air in E) air continues to move into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure Ques"on 12 5 / 5 points Which of the following is NOT true of expiration: A) it is largely a passive process B) it is usually effortless C) gas flows out to equalize inside and outside the lungs D) intrapulmonary volume decreases when the rib cage descends E) intrapulmonary volume increases when the lungs recoil Ques"on 13 5 / 5 points The total amount of exchangeable air is the: A) tidal volume B) inspiratory reserve volume C) expiratory reserve volume D) vital capacity E) dead space volume Ques"on 14 Most carbon dioxide is transported in plasma as: A) carbohemoglobin B) bicarbonate ion C) oxyhemoglobin D) hydrogen ion E) carbonic acid5 / 5 pointsQues"on 155 / 5 pointsThe bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the tissues is called: A.cyanosis B. xanthosis C.melanosis

D.albinism

E. erythema

Ques"on 16 5 / 5 points

One of the most important stimuli leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is:

A) decreased oxygen level in the blood

B) increased blood pH

C) increased carbon dioxide in the blood

D) increased hydrogen ion in the blood

E) decreased carbon dioxide in the blood

Ques"on 17 5 / 5 points

Emphysema results in all of the following except:

A) enlarged alveoli

B) lung fibrosis

C) barrel chest

D) decreased lung elasticity

E) moon face

Ques"on 18 5 / 5 points

IRDS is:

A) infant respiratory disease state

B) intermittent respiratory distress state

C) infant respiratory distress syndrome

D) intermittent respiratory disease syndrome

E) infant respiratory disease syndrome

Ques"on 19 5 / 5 points

Which of the following is NOT true of cystic fibrosis:

A) it is a common genetic disease

B) it causes over secretion of thick mucus that clogs the respiratory passages

C) it impairs food digestion

D) it causes sweat glands to produce an extremely salty perspiration

E) it is rarely fatal

Ques"on 20 5 / 5 points

Which of the following is NOT true of lung cancer:

A) it accounts for one-third of all cancer deaths in the

U.S.

B) its incidence is increasing

C) it is more prevalent in females than males

D) most types of lung cancer are tremendously aggressive

E) lung cancers metastasize rapidly and widely

A!empt Score:80 / 100 - 80 % Overall Grade (highest a!empt):80 / 100 - 80 %

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