BIOL 164 - Final Exam Answers to all questions

Part XV. 46 points. In the answer blank, put the word or phrase that best matches the description or answers the question. It is possible for two questions to have the same answer.

1. Physiology_____________

_________

The branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work and function

2. homeostasis____________ __________

The tendency of the body systems to maintain a relatively balanced or constant internal environment even when outside conditions change

3. metabolism_____________ _________

The term that includes all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

4. saggital

______________________

If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a this kind of section

5. amino acids

______________________

Monomers that are the building blocks of proteins

6. interstitial fluid 7. ______________________

The fluid, similar to seawater, that surrounds and bathes all body cells

8. mitosis________________ ______

The process by which the nucleus divides into to exactly identical copies

9. epithelium_____________ _________

Type of tissue that forms mucus, serous, and epidermal membranes

10. nervous

________________

Type of tissue that transmits information as electrochemical impulses

11. connective

______________________

Type of tissue that supports, packages, and protects body organs

12. muscle______

________________

The major function of the cells of this tissue type is to shorten

13. third degree burn

______________________

Full-thickness burn; epidermal and dermal layers destroyed; skin blanched; no pain, because nerve endings are destroyed

14. Malignant

Melanoma

15. _____________

_________

Deadly cancer of pigment producing cells; getting more common every year

16. marrow

______________________

Site of hematopoiesis in the bones

17. osteoclast

______________________

Bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium into the blood

18. greenstick

______________________

Type of fracture common in children; bone splinters, but break is incomplete

19. ulna_________

_____________

Forearm bone involved in formation of elbow joint

20. synergist

______________________

A muscle that stabilizes a joint so that a prime mover can act at more distal joints

21. antagonist

______________________

A muscle that reverses and/or opposes the action of a prime mover

22. flexion______

________________

Movement along the sagittal plane that decreases the angle between two bones

23. adduction_____

_________________

Moving the limbs nearing the body midline; coming to attention

24. abduction

______________________

Moving the hand into the anatomical position

25. planter flexion

______________________

Movement of the superior aspect of the foot toward the leg; standing on one’s heels

26. rectus femoris

______________________

Muscle group that extends the thigh and flexes the knee

27. Schwann cells

Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS

______________________

28. synapse

______________________

Junction or point of close contact between neurons

29. dura mater

______________________

Outermost covering of the brain composed of tough fibrous connective tissue

30. hydrocephal

us_____________________

_

Abnormal condition caused by blockage of the normal drainage of cerebrospinal fluid; results in increased pressure on the brain

31. vagus_______

_______________

The cranial nerve involved in stimulating the mobility of the digestive tract, controlling the heart beat, and regulating breathing

32. vestibulococ

hlear__________________ ____

The cranial nerve involved in listening to music and feeling seasick

33. Parasympath etic___________________ ___

The division of the autonomic nervous system that is normally in control

34. cataract_____

_________________

Clouding of the lens, resulting in loss of sight

35. kidney

______________________

Endocrine organ that secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

36. parathyroid

______________________

Most important hormone involved in regulating the amount of calcium circulation in the blood; released when blood calcium levels drop

37. glucocorticoi

d______________________

Hormone that helps to protect the body during long term stressful situations such as extended illness and injury

38. catecholami

ne_____________________

_

Short-term stress hormone; aids in flight-or-fight response; increases blood pressure and heart rate

39. ACTH_______

_______________

When produced in inadequate amounts, this hormone causes excessive urination without high blood glucose levels, dehydration, and tremendous thirst

40. Thyroxine___

___________________

When produced in excessive amounts, this hormone causes bulging eyeballs, nervousness, increased pulse rate, weight loss (Grave's disease)

41. portal_______

_______________

Large vein that carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing

42. high________

______________

Blood pressure during heart contraction

43. passive_____

_________________

Type of immunity acquired when a person receives Sabin polio vaccine

44. Acquired

______________________

Type of immunity acquired when antibodies migrate from the mother through the placenta into the vascular system of the fetus

45. dendritic

______________________

Type of lymphocyte that binds with, and releases, chemicals that activate B-cells, T cells, and macrophages

46. Cytokines___

___________________

A protein released by macrophages and activated T cells that helps to protect other body cells from viral replication

47. allergy______

________________

Disorder in which the immune system mounts an extraordinarily vigorous response to an otherwise

harmless antigen; eczema is an example

48. auto immune

______________________

The body's own immune system produces this type of disorder; a breakdown of self tolerance; multiple sclerosis is an example